Journal of Surgery and Trauma
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Winter 2022

Blepharitis, chronic inflammation of the eyelid, is one of the most common eye diseases that involve eyelashes, parotid glands, and apocrine. The most important symptoms of blepharitis are burning and irritation of the eyes, which are more severe in the morning. Azithromycin 1% solution is a new therapeutic method for treating blepharitis, which has recently entered Iran. The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment of 1% azithromycin eye drops and erythromycin topical ointment on the symptoms and signs of blepharitis.

In this clinical trial study, 98 patients with posterior blepharitis referred to the ophthalmology clinic of Razi Hospital in Birjand in 2020 and 2021 were studied based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were randomly divided into two groups receiving erythromycin and 1% azithromycin by the blocking method. A two-part questionnaire was completed for the patients before and after the intervention. In the first part of the questionnaire, the demographic information of the patients and the signs and symptoms of the disease, including the degree of dry eyes, redness and swelling of the eyes, itchy eyes, and in the second part, the standard Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire was completed by self-declaration. The SMTube test was also performed by the project manager for the patients. The intensity of color sensitivity was checked and recorded by an eye specialist. After collecting the data, they were entered into SPSS software )Version 18) and analyzed by independent T, Mann-Whitney, paired t, Chi-Square and Fisher's exact test at the significance level less than 5%.

Out of a total of 98 patients, 52 patients (53.1%) were female. At the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference between the average OSDI index, staining intensity and SMTube, and at the end of the study, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, the efficacy of azithromycin eye drops in the patients was the same as the efficacy of topical erythromycin ointment in patients with posterior blepharitis.

Dental surgeries are always associated with pain and swelling for several consecutive days. Recent articles have shown conflicting results in the use of new techniques such as low-power lasers to treat postoperative pain and swelling. This study aimed to evaluate the reduction of pain, swelling, and trismus after surgery of the third molar-impacted tooth after the use of a low-power laser.

This study was a randomized, single-blind, split-mouth clinical trial involving patients who were referred to the special clinic of Birjand Dental School from December 2021 to June 2021 and required bilateral removal of the occluded third molars. Immediately after surgery, the patient was given a radiation laser with a wavelength of 780 nm and a power of 70 MW for 30 seconds at a dose or power density of 52.5 j/cm2. The extent of swelling and trismus was assessed by measuring the dimensions of the face and the amount of mouth opening as well as the amount of pain on the second and seventh days after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U test by SPSS (Version 21) at the significant level of (5 %).

The intensity of pain and swelling decreased significantly over time and the amount of trismus increased significantly during the seventh day compared to the second day (p.value<0.05). The amount of pain on the 7th day after surgery in the group without laser was 1.98±0.26 and the amount of pain in the group with laser was 0.85 ± 0.92 which was not statistically significant between the two groups (value>0.05). The amount of trismus on 7-day was 38.79 ±9.94 and on the side, with laser, it was no significant difference. The distance between the tragus and the corner of the lip on day 7 after surgery was 110.03 ± 5.77 mm and in the laser group was 109.66 ±5.67 mm, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. The distance between the gonium and the outer corner on day 7 after surgery was 98.84 ±7.24 mm in the laser group and 98.21± 6.93 mm in the non-laser group and no significant difference was observed.

The use of low-power laser reduced the pain, reduce postoperative swelling, and trismus caused by surgery but this reduction was not significant. Therefore, it is suggested that the study method should be changed and the sample size must be increased in further studies.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are diagnosed in ≈8 to 10 per 1,000 live births in the United States. This study aimed to determine the outcomes in children with congenital heart disease.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted using the census method on all patients with a CHD who referred to the pediatric heart clinic in Valiasr Hospital, Birjand, Iran, and underwent heart operation during the desired period. The information contained in the patients' files was used to collect the required data. The rest of the information was gathered by calling the patients' parents. The collected data were analyzed in the SPSS-19 software using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The significant level was considered at the p-value of ≤ 0.05.

The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the type of intervention (i.e., operation, intrusion) had no statistically significant relationship with demographic indicators of gender, age by month, chromosomal abnormalities, the type of heart disease, and the development of children under-study; however, it showed a statistically significant relationship with the type of initial complaint. The rate of operation was significantly higher in the subjects, especially in those who had an initial complaint of murmurs. Based on the results, the age of children had a statistically significant relationship with the need for pacemakers and the amount of pleural effusion; these two outcomes increased significantly with the child's aging.

A large number of demographic and clinical factors were effective in children's postoperative outcomes. Consequently, by conducting further studies at a wider level and controlling variables it is possible to compare the findings, achieve more favorable results, and improve clinical indicators.

Peripheral arterial disease in coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. This issue is more highlighted in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery after catheterization procedures.

This study was observational on participants who recourse to the heart clinics and candidates for coronary angiography, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the first, coronary angiography was performed, and so, if the patients had significant involvement of coronary arteries and had at least one inclusion criteria, for assessment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), peripheral angiography through the femoral artery was performed. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS software (Version 16) and the data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics method, variance analysis, and Fisher's Exact Test. The level of significance was considered to be (0.05).

Among all patients, there was no significant difference in the demographic variables such as gender (P= 0.497) and age (P= 0.069). The commonest peripheral artery involved in patients was the right femoral artery. A statistically significant relationship between gender and PAD was seen (P=0.001). There was no significant relationship between the type of involved coronary artery and gender (p=0.043; Fisher's Exact Test = 10.719).

More than one-third of participants with CAD had peripheral arterial involvement in iliofemoral arteries in this study. This situation increased the risk of complications in vascular blind catheterization. So, Improving PAD detection is crucial for more effective cardiovascular prevention and treatment.

In traumatic brain injury many objects may enter the cranium, if these injuries are associated with the entry of contaminated foreign bodies into the brain; they can cause more damage and complications. This is a case report of such patients with different aspects of treatment. We reported a case followed motor accident suffered dirty large scalp lacerations, multiple linear and depressed skull fractures, and exposure to dura matter, pneumocephalus, and many sands and soil under the cranium. Several therapeutic actions were done including adequate irrigation, administration of Prophylactic antimicrobial and anticonvulsant therapy, and early surgical intervention. The Patient did not show any signs or symptoms of infections or other complications during the hospitalization period and he had a favorable 10-month follow-up period. We concluded in penetrating brain injury with contaminated foreign bodies, adequate irrigation and early administration of prophylactic antibiotic therapy and antiepileptic agents associated with early neurosurgical intervention can be helpful in complications prevention.

The Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease that is often associated with chromosomal aberration had a high prevalence rate of all congenital heart diseases. The association of the Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) with other congenital cardiac defects, especially with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is infrequent. While, unlike the tetralogy of Fallot, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is accompanied by specific gene loci. We report this scarce association in a 6-month male infant, cyanotic since birth and known with ToF, in her first hospital admission for treatment of recurring cyanotic crises. After the preliminary evaluations and the unsuccessful stenting of the patent ductus arteriousus (PDA) under an angiographic manner, he was prepared to undergo cardiac surgery to establish a modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt procedure. The patient was discharged in good condition and suggested that his parents follow up on his cardiac function after it. On follow-up at the age of three, the child had no cyanotic crises in this period.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) causes more than 300,000 deaths per year in the United States. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce mortality. Hiccups are involuntary spasmodic contractions in the respiratory muscles (inspiratory muscles), especially the diaphragm. Due to the importance of early diagnosis and quick treatment of PE, knowing its uncommon symptoms can help to diagnose and treat it before death. A 67-year-old man with no history of previous diseases and a history of knee joint surgery (5 years ago) came to the emergency room (ER) with continuous hiccups since 10 days ago. There were no cardiovascular risk factors such as family history, history of stroke and thromboembolism, smoking, alcohol, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Respiratory rate (RR) was 18 breaths/minute, pulse rate (PR) was 120 beats/minute, blood pressure (BP) was 122/84 mmHg, oxygen saturation (SPO2) in the room was 96%, and body temperature (T) was 36 °C. He was a candidate for computed tomography angiography (CTA). The filling defect was observed in the distal peripheral of the left main pulmonary artery (LMPA), with extension to the left upper lobe (LUL), left lower lobe (LLL), and segmental branches. After 6 days of hospitalization, with the improvement of symptoms and stability of vital signs, he was discharged with medications. Due to the association of hiccups with dangerous diseases, it is important to investigate continuous and long hiccups.